Legionnaires’ disease in water is a severe form of pneumonia caused by inhaling tiny water droplets contaminated with Legionella bacteria. This harmful bacterium thrives in man-made water systems, particularly in environments where water stagnates or temperatures encourage bacterial growth.
While Legionnaires’ disease is treatable with antibiotics, it can be life-threatening, especially for vulnerable individuals such as the elderly, those with weakened immune systems, and people with underlying respiratory conditions. Effective water management and Legionella control measures are essential to reducing the risk of outbreaks and ensuring compliance with UK health and safety regulations.
Legionnaires’ disease in water is primarily contracted by inhaling aerosolised water droplets that contain Legionella bacteria. These tiny droplets can be dispersed into the air from various water systems, posing a risk of infection when inhaled.
Legionella bacteria grow when water temperatures are between 20–45°C, where nutrients, such as rust, sludge, scale, sediment and algae are available, and where water is stagnant in the water system (e.g., if a shower or tap is not regularly used).
Proper water treatment and Legionella control measures are essential to minimising the risk of exposure and preventing outbreaks.
Our mission is to ensure water systems are free from Legionnaires’ disease in water, protecting those most vulnerable to infection. While anyone can contract Legionnaires’ disease, certain groups face a higher risk of severe illness, including:
Individuals over 50 years old – The risk increases with age.
Smokers and those with chronic lung conditions – Reduced lung function makes infection more dangerous.
People with weakened immune systems – Including those undergoing chemotherapy or taking immunosuppressive medications.
Those with underlying illnesses – Such as diabetes, kidney disease, or heart conditions.
By implementing effective Legionella control measures, businesses can safeguard public health and ensure compliance with safety regulations.
The initial symptoms of the disease usually show themselves around two to ten days after infection. Unfortunately, there are no typical or unique symptoms associated with the disease, and not everyone exposed to the bacteria goes on to develop symptoms. In general, early symptoms are similar to flu and may include:
If untreated, the infection may become more severe within the first week, and infected people may experience further symptoms such as coughing up green phlegm and becoming short of breath. They may also have chest pain when breathing.
Some people who have Legionnaires’ disease suffer from nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Almost half of the patients suffer from disorders related to the nervous system, such as confusion, delirium, depression, disorientation, and hallucinations.
If you think you might have been exposed to Legionella bacteria or developed symptoms such as fever, cough, chills, or muscle aches, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible. Telling a medical professional where you have been recently is also important as you might have been exposed to a known outbreak.
At Marlowe Environmental Services, we take a proactive approach to reducing the risk of Legionnaires’ disease in water, helping businesses comply with UK health and safety regulations. Our strategies focus on preventing Legionella bacteria from thriving in water systems through a combination of monitoring, treatment, and control measures.
Legionella Risk Assessments
Identifying potential sources of contamination and assessing risk levels.
Water Temperature Control
Keeping hot water above 60°C and cold water below 20°C to prevent bacterial growth.
Disinfection Treatments
Using chlorination, chlorine dioxide, ultraviolet (UV) treatment, and advanced oxidation processes to kill Legionella.
System Flushing and Maintenance
Preventing stagnation by regularly flushing little-used outlets and maintaining system hygiene.
Ongoing Monitoring and Testing
Conducting routine Legionella testing and data logging to ensure continued compliance and safety.
In the UK, business owners and facility managers have a legal duty to manage the risks associated with Legionnaires’ disease in water. Under Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, COSHH regulations, and ACoP L8 guidelines, employers must take proactive steps to prevent Legionella contamination.
Conduct regular Legionella risk assessments
Identify potential sources of Legionella in water systems.
Implement and document control measures
Outline steps to manage risks, such as temperature control, disinfection, and maintenance.
Maintain accurate records
Keep up-to-date documentation of risk assessments, water testing results, and actions taken.
Ensure ongoing monitoring and compliance
Regularly review and update Legionella control measures to meet regulatory standards.
Failing to comply with these legal responsibilities can result in fines, legal action, and serious health risks. Marlowe Environmental Services helps businesses meet their obligations with expert risk assessments, water treatment solutions, and compliance support.
At Marlowe Environmental Services, we bring extensive expertise in Legionella management, helping businesses across the UK control the risks associated with Legionnaires’ disease in water. With years of experience, we’ve assisted companies in various sectors, including healthcare, hospitality, manufacturing, and commercial properties, by providing tailored solutions that mitigate the threat of Legionella.
By partnering with Marlowe Environmental Services, businesses benefit from reduced risks, improved water quality, and peace of mind knowing they are fully compliant with legal responsibilities.
